

Current Literature on Culture, History and Other Issues Regarding Bison
Abstract Not Available
Abstract: Darwin claimed ''the practice of polygamy leads to the same results as would follow from an actual inequality in the number of the sexes'' Biologists interested in conservation have focused on offshoots of this deceptively simple theme including reproductive competition, sexual selection, and copulatory dynamics. Few would dispute that an understanding of mating relationships is important. Here, I ask - important for what? Using two species of large mammals that have suffered 97% reductions in population size, I make two points. First, in attempts to restore populations some individuals or even lineages may be competitively inferior, leaving behind few or no progeny, a scenario depicted empirically using two lineages of North American bison (Bison bison). Second, where human utilization of economically valuable morphological structures has been proposed (as for rhino horns), knowledge of current utility is required to predict possible biological effects. Preliminary data on black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) suggest that dehorned mothers are less able to defend their calves from spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) than intact mothers. For conservation, some issues in animal behaviour will always hold greater relevance than others. The study of mating systems, unless defined very broadly, is likely to have more relevance in captive propagation and population restoration than other issues involving the conservation of biodiversity.
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract: Extinction defines a loss in biodiversity. An established economic model suggests that extinction can be avoided, even in common property settings, if the initial stock is sufficiently large that price and cost evolve to a non-extinction equilibrium. Alternatively, privatization has been suggested as a means to avoid extinction. The empirical validity of these conclusions are investigated by studying the collapse of two species that signaled the end of the United States frontier--the passenger pigeon and the buffalo. The historical studies suggest that the theoretical possibility of a non-extinction equilibrium is unlikely to hold in practice. Similarly, while privatization in a single species context may appear feasible, in a multi-species context the apparent profitability of privatization may be superseded and the species driven to extinction. The latter conclusion also depends on species- specific characteristics of minimum viable population size and habitat requirements.
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available
Abstract Not Available