Article
The many effects of carnivores on their prey and their implications for trophic cascades, and ecosystem structure and function
Authors
John Jr Winnie, Scott Creel
Publication
Food Webs
Abstract
Despite some controversy, a wide range of research across multiple taxa have established that carnivores strongly influence prey population dynamics both through direct offtake and indirect risk effects. Because of these powerful top-down effects carnivores can influence ecosystems across multiple trophic levels. Here we discuss research addressing carnivore direct- and indirect effects on prey, and how these effects can influence overall ecosystem structure and function.
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