Ric-8A, a G protein chaperone with nucleotide exchange activity induces long-range secondary structure changes in Galpha

Authors

Ravi Kant, Baisen Zeng, Celestine J Thomas, Brian Bothner, Stephen R Sprang

Publication

eLife

Abstract

Cytosolic Ric-8A has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and is a chaperone for several classes of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits in vertebrates. Using Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange-Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) we show that Ric-8A disrupts the secondary structure of the Galpha Ras-like domain that girds the guanine nucleotide-binding site, and destabilizes the interface between the Galphai1 Ras and helical domains, allowing domain separation and nucleotide release. These changes are largely reversed upon binding GTP and dissociation of Ric-8A. HDX-MS identifies a potential Galpha interaction site in Ric-8A. Alanine scanning reveals residues crucial for GEF activity within that sequence. HDX confirms that, like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), Ric-8A binds the C-terminus of Galpha. In contrast to GPCRs, Ric-8A interacts with Switches I and II of Galpha and possibly at the Galpha domain interface. These extensive interactions provide both allosteric and direct catalysis of GDP unbinding and release and GTP binding

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