Substitutions and Measurements
Equivalent Weights and Measurements
|
Measurement
|
Equal to...
|
Dry Weight Measurements
|
Equal to...
|
Liquid Measurements
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
4 Tablespoons
|
=
|
1/4 Cup
|
=
|
2 Fluid Ounces
|
|
8 Tablespoons
|
=
|
1/2 Cup
|
=
|
4 Fluid Ounces
|
|
12 Tablespoons
|
=
|
3/4 Cup
|
=
|
6 Fluid Ounces
|
|
16 Tablespoons
|
=
|
1 Cup
|
=
|
8 Fluid Ounces
|
|
2 Cups
|
=
|
1 Pint
|
=
|
16 Fluid Ounces
|
|
4 Cups
|
=
|
2 Pints or 1 Quart
|
=
|
32 Fluid Ounces
|
|
16 Cups
|
=
|
4 Quarts or 1 Gallon
|
=
|
128 Fluid Ounces
|
Cooking Terms
|
Braise
|
To brown meat in a small amount of fat, then cook slowly in a covered container with
a small amount of liquid.
|
|---|---|
|
Cream
|
To stir or mix ingredients until they are soft and creamy. |
|
Marinate
|
To allow food to stand in an oil and acid mixture to add flavor or tenderize.
|
|
Poach
|
To cook food by slipping it into a hot liquid. |
|
Sauté
|
To cook in a small amount of fat.
|
|
Simmer
|
To cook in liquid below the boiling point. A liquid is simmering when bubbles form
slowly and break just below the surface.
|
|
Stir Fry
|
To cook and stir small pieces of food quickly in a small amount of oil until just
tender.
|
Abbreviations
C = cup
t/tsp. = teaspoon
T/Tbsp./Tbs. = tablespoon
oz. = ounces
lb = pound
Substitutions
What to use if you are missing an ingredient
|
Ingredient
|
Amount
|
Substitution
|
|---|---|---|
|
Baking powder
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/4 teaspoon baking soda + 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar
|
|
Bread crumbs, dry
|
1/4 cup
|
1/4 cup cracker crumbs or cornmeal or 1 slice toasted bread, cubed or 2/3 cup quick
cooking oats
|
|
Brown sugar
|
1/2 cup
|
1/2 cup white sugar + 2 Tablespoons molasses
|
|
Chocolate, unsweetened
|
1 ounce/1 square
|
3 Tablespoons cocoa + 1 Tablespoon butter
|
|
Cornstarch
|
1 Tablespoon
|
2 Tablespoons flour
|
|
Buttermilk
|
1 cup
|
1 Tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice + enough milk to equal 1 cup. Let stand for 10-15
minutes.
|
|
Pumpkin pie spice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon + 1/2 teaspoon ginger + 1/8 teaspoon ground allspice + 1/8 teaspoon
nutmeg
|
|
Sour cream
|
1 cup
|
1 cup plain yogurt or 1 cup cottage cheese mixed in blender with 2 Tablespoons milk
+ 1 tablespoon lemon juice
|
For a healthier option
|
Ingredient
|
Substitution
|
|---|---|
|
White Flour
|
Whole wheat flour
|
|
Iceberg Lettuce
|
Romaine, spinach, or other leafy greens
|
|
Fruit Canned in Syrup
|
Frozen or fresh fruit, or fruit canned in water or 100% juice
|
|
White Rice
|
Brown rice
|
|
Regular Pasta
|
Whole wheat pasta
|
|
Flour Tortillas
|
Corn tortillas or whole wheat tortillas
|
|
Canned Beans
|
Beans cooked from dried beans
|
|
Ground Beef
|
Ground turkey
|
|
Flavored Yogurt
|
Plain yogurt with fresh or frozen fruit added
|
You may require