The sulfate ion accentuates hop bitterness, making the bitterness seem drier and crisper. Important in ratio to Chloride. Sulphates positively affect protein and starch degradation, which promotes filtration and trub sedimentation. High levels may lead to poor hop utilization and harsh, salty, laxative characters in finished beer.

Common Values for Sulfate

  Barley Malted Barley Wort US Tapwater Pilsen Water Burton-on-Trent Water Brewing Targets Levels in Beer
Sulfate ... ... 1 - 110 ... 4 - 8 610 - 820 50 - 150 100 - 430

 

Common Sulfate to Chloride ratio targets based on beer style:

2:1 - for bitter beers

1:2  -  for mild ales

1:3  -  for stouts and porters

Sulfat to Chloride ratio at various malthouses

Sulfate to Chloride ratio at various locations